🚀 Steps to Launch a Scalable SaaS Product on Kubernetes 🚀
Follow these detailed steps to build a robust, scalable SaaS platform powered by Kubernetes (K8s), Docker & Helm.
1. 📐 Design Your Kubernetes (K8s) Architecture
🖥️ On-Prem: Design Your Kubernetes (K8s) Architecture
Deploy Kubernetes clusters on VPS, dedicated servers, or bare-metal infrastructure. This approach offers cost efficiency and complete control over the infrastructure.
Use On-Prem When:
- Regulatory Requirements: Industries like healthcare, finance, or government may require data to stay on-prem due to compliance or data residency laws.
- Customization Needs: If you require granular control over hardware and software configurations.
- Cost Control: For large-scale deployments where the long-term cost of maintaining your own infrastructure is cheaper than cloud services.
- Low-Latency Requirements: When operating in regions with unreliable internet connectivity or for applications requiring extremely low latency.
Benefits of On-Prem:
- Full control over infrastructure and data.
- Potential cost savings for large-scale or consistent workloads.
- Avoid vendor lock-in with cloud providers.
- Customizable to meet specific hardware or network requirements.
☁️ Cloud: Design Your Kubernetes (K8s) Architecture
Use managed Kubernetes services like DOKS (DigitalOcean Kubernetes Service), EKS (Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service), Azure Kubernetes Service, or GKE (Google Kubernetes Engine) for scalability and ease of management.
Use Cloud When:
- Scalability is Key: Cloud excels at handling dynamic workloads, allowing you to scale resources up or down based on demand.
- Fast Deployment: Cloud services let you spin up clusters quickly without worrying about hardware procurement or setup.
- Global Reach: Ideal for SaaS businesses targeting users in multiple geographic locations, leveraging cloud regions for low-latency access.
- Resource Constraints: If your team lacks the expertise or bandwidth to manage physical infrastructure.
- High Availability: Cloud providers offer built-in high availability and disaster recovery features.
Benefits of Cloud:
- Reduced operational overhead with managed Kubernetes services.
- Faster time-to-market for SaaS products.
- Global infrastructure for improved latency and user experience.
- Automatic upgrades and security patches by cloud providers.
- Pay-as-you-go pricing for better cost management during initial stages.
- Scalability, fault tolerance, and multi-tenancy
- Optimized networking, storage, and load balancing for SaaS needs
Table of Contents
1. 📐 Design Your Kubernetes (K8s) Architecture
2. 🐳 Containerize Your SaaS Application
3. 🏗️ Deploy Kubernetes Clusters
4. 🔗 Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
5. 💾 Configure Persistent Storage
6. ⚖️ Set Up Load Balancing
7. 🌐 Manage Traffic Routing
8. 🔒 Automate Certificates and Secrets
9. ⛵ Simplify Deployment with Helm
10. 📊 Monitoring, Maintenance and Management
11. 📈 Test Scalability and Reliability
12. 🔄 Plan for Continuous Deployment
13. 🖥️ Automate Helm Chart Deployments with Shell Scripts
14. 🐍 Invoke Shell Scripts Programmatically
15. 🔥 Automate Deployment via Your SaaS Billing Solution
2. 🐳 Containerize Your Application for SaaS
Package your SaaS application in a portable format using Docker. Here’s an example Dockerfile for your reference:
FROM node:18
# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app
# Copy package files and install dependencies
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
# Copy the application source code
COPY . .
# Expose the application port
EXPOSE 3000
# Start the application
CMD ["npm", "start"]
Build the Docker Image:
Run the following command to create a container image:
Test the Image Locally:
Start the container locally to ensure it works as expected:
Push the Image to a Container Registry:
Upload your image to a public or private container registry like Docker Hub, AWS ECR, or Google Container Registry:
docker push your-dockerhub-username/your-app-name:latest
Deploy Globally:
Your Docker image is now ready to be deployed on Kubernetes or any other Docker-compatible platform, making it accessible worldwide.
3. 🏗️ Deploy Kubernetes Clusters
🖥️ On-Prem: Deploy Kubernetes Clusters
On-Prem setups provide full control and customizability, ideal for regulated industries or low-latency requirements. Docker applications are portable, allowing deployment on-prem Kubernetes clusters effortlessly.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Install Kubernetes with kubeadm:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
2. Initialize the Kubernetes Control Plane:
3. Set Up Networking with Cilium
curl -L --remote-name https://github.com/cilium/cilium-cli/releases/latest/download/cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv cilium /usr/local/bin/
# Deploy Cilium
cilium install
ork-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
4. Secure Communication with WireGuard:
sudo apt install -y wireguard
# Configure WireGuard on each node
sudo wg genkey | tee privatekey | wg pubkey > publickey
# Use privatekey and publickey to configure WireGuard peers in /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf
☁️ Cloud: Deploy Kubernetes Clusters
Cloud setups offer scalability, ease of management, and rapid deployment, perfect for businesses looking to focus on applications rather than infrastructure. Docker applications are portable, allowing deployment on cloud-based Kubernetes clusters effortlessly.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Deploy on DigitalOcean Kubernetes (DOKS):
snap install doctl
# Authenticate with DigitalOcean
doctl auth init
# Create a Kubernetes cluster
doctl kubernetes cluster create my-cluster --region nyc1 --node-pool
"name=default;size=s-2vcpu-4gb;count=3"
2. Deploy on Amazon EKS:
curl --silent --location "https://github.com/weaveworks/eksctl/releases/latest/download/eksctl_$(uname -s)_amd64.tar.gz" | tar xz -C /usr/local/bin
# Create an EKS cluster
eksctl create cluster --name my-cluster --region us-west-2 --nodes 3
3. Deploy on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE):
curl https://sdk.cloud.google.com | bash
exec -l $SHELL
gcloud init
# Enable Kubernetes Engine API
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
# Create a GKE cluster
gcloud container clusters create my-cluster --num-nodes 3 --zone us-central1-a
4. Deploy on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS):
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash
# Create an AKS cluster
az group create --name myResourceGroup --location eastus
az aks create --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myAKSCluster --node-count 3 --enable-addons monitoring --generate-ssh-keys
az aks get-credentials --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myAKSCluster
4. 🔗 Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
🖥️ On-Prem: Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
- Set up Kubernetes on VPS, bare-metal servers, or dedicated machines.
- Use Cilium for advanced networking and WireGuard for secure communication between nodes.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Install Cilium CLI:
curl -L --remote-name https://github.com/cilium/cilium-cli/releases/latest/download/cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv cilium /usr/local/bin/
2. Deploy Cilium with WireGuard Support:
cilium install --encryption wireguard
This will deploy Cilium as the CNI (Container Network Interface) and enable WireGuard for encrypted node-to-node communication. Cilium automatically manages the WireGuard configurations.
3. Verify Cilium and WireGuard Deployment
cilium status
# Confirm that WireGuard is enabled
cilium status | grep Encryption
4. Join Worker Nodes
--token
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:
Please Refer Point no 4 – Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
☁️ Cloud: Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
- Deploy clusters using DOKS, EKS, Azure, or GKE.
- Leverage cloud-native VPC networking for secure intra-cluster communication.
5. 💾 Configure Persistent Storage
🖥️ On-Prem: Use Rook-Ceph for Scalable Storage
Rook-Ceph provides a scalable and highly available storage solution for on-prem Kubernetes clusters.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Create a StorageClass:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: rook-ceph-block
provisioner: rook-ceph.rbd.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
clusterID: rook-ceph
pool: replicapool
imageFeatures: layering
reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true
2. Use the StorageClass in a PVC: Create a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) for your application.
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: ceph-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: rook-ceph-block
☁️ Cloud: Use Provider-Specific Storage Solutions
1. AWS EBS (Persistent Storage):
1. Create a StorageClass for EBS:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: ebs-sc
provisioner: kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
parameters:
type: gp2
fsType: ext4
reclaimPolicy: Delete
2. Create a PVC Using EBS:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: ebs-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: ebs-sc
2. Azure Disk (Persistent Storage):
1. Create a StorageClass for Azure Disk:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: azure-disk-sc
provisioner: kubernetes.io/azure-disk
parameters:
storageaccounttype: Premium_LRS
reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true
2. Create a PVC Using Azure Disk:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: azure-disk-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: azure-disk-sc
3. GCP Persistent Disk (Persistent Storage):
1.Create a StorageClass for GCP PD:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: gcp-pd-sc
provisioner: kubernetes.io/gce-pd
parameters:
type: pd-ssd reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true
Apply the StorageClass:
2.Create a PVC Using GCP Persistent Disk:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: gcp-pd-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: gcp-pd-sc
6. ⚖️ Set Up Load Balancing
Ensure reliable distribution of traffic across your Kubernetes nodes and services with tailored load-balancing solutions.
🖥️ On-Prem Solutions: Set Up Load Balancing
Deploy MetalLB to enable load balancing in bare-metal Kubernetes environments.
On-Premises: Deploy MetalLB
1.Install MetalLB:
2.Configure Layer 2 Mode:
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
namespace: metallb-system
name: config
data:
config: |
address-pools:
- name: default-pool
protocol: layer2
addresses:
- 192.168.1.100-192.168.1.200
Apply the ConfigMap:
3.Create a Service Using MetalLB:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
namespace: default
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
☁️ Cloud Solutions: Set Up Load Balancing
Use cloud-native load balancer solutions provided by DOKS, EKS, Azure, or GKE.
1.Create a LoadBalancer Service:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-eks-service
annotations:
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" # Use NLB
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
Apply the service:
2.Verify the Load Balancer:
Azure AKS Example:
1.Create a LoadBalancer Service:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-aks-service
annotations:
service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true" # Internal load balancer
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
2.Verify the Load Balancer: Check the external IP:
GCP GKE Example:
1.Create a LoadBalancer Service:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-gke-service
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
2.Verify the Load Balancer: Retrieve the external IP:
7. 🌐 Manage Traffic Routing
Effectively route external traffic to your Kubernetes services using robust ingress solutions.
🖥️ On-Prem Solutions: Manage Traffic Routing
Configure Nginx Ingress Controller for secure, scalable routing to Kubernetes services.
☁️ Cloud Solutions: Manage Traffic Routing
Use cloud-specific ingress solutions like AWS ALB Ingress Controller (EKS) or GKE Ingress for seamless integration.
8. 🔒 Automate Certificates and Secrets
Ensure secure management of certificates and sensitive data in your Kubernetes cluster.
✔️ Use Cert Manager:
- Automate lets encrypt TLS/SSL certificate issuance and renewal.
🔑 Store Secrets Securely:
- Use Kubernetes secrets to encrypt sensitive data such as API keys and database credentials.
9. ⛵ Simplify Deployment with Helm
Helm is a powerful Kubernetes package manager that allows you to package and distribute your application as a Helm Chart, making deployment globally consistent and automated
Steps to Package with Helm:
1. Create a Helm Chart:
Scaffold a new Helm chart by running:
The directory includes:
- Chart.yaml: Metadata about your chart.
- values.yaml: Default application configurations.
- templates/: Kubernetes manifests rendered using
values.yaml
.
2. Customize Templates:
Modify templates/deployment.yaml
to use your Docker image:
containers:
- name: your-app-container
image: your-dockerhub-username/your-app-name:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
3. Package the Helm Chart:
Create a .tgz
package for sharing or deployment:
4. Host the Chart for Global Use:
Publish the Helm chart to a Helm repository (e.g., GitHub Pages or Artifact Hub).
5. Deploy the Application Globally:
Install the chart on Kubernetes:
10. 📊 Monitoring, Maintenance and Management
Set up monitoring for your Kubernetes cluster to ensure performance and reliability using the following tools
🖥️ On-Prem: Monitoring, Maintenance and Management
Kubernetes Dashboard: Real-time cluster monitoring via a graphical interface.
☁️ Cloud: Monitoring, Maintenance and Management
Deploy the Kubernetes Dashboard for real-time cluster monitoring and efficient resource management.
Use cloud-native monitoring tools such as:
- AWS CloudWatch
- Azure Monitor
- GCP Operations Suite
Universal Monitoring Tools:
- Prometheus: Metrics collection and alerting.
- Grafana: Visualization and dashboards.
- Kube-state-metrics: Kubernetes-specific metrics.
- ELK Stack: Log monitoring (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana).
- Loki: Lightweight log aggregation.
- Jaeger: Distributed tracing for microservices.
These tools provide robust monitoring and insights into your Kubernetes cluster.
11. 📈 Test Scalability and Reliability
- Perform load tests to ensure your SaaS application:
- Scales efficiently under increased demand.
- Meets redundancy and failover requirements for high availability.
12. 🔄 Plan for Continuous Deployment
Streamline your deployment process and improve reliability with these practices:
- Use CI/CD Pipelines:
Automate application deployments to minimize manual errors. - Adopt GitOps Tools:
Tools like Argo CD or Flux can manage Kubernetes configurations directly from your repository
13. 🖥️ Automate Helm Chart Deployments with Shell Scripts
Automate deployments to streamline processes and enhance reliability:
- Automate Helm chart installation, upgrades, and rollbacks.
- Manage namespaces, configurations, and persistent storage setups
Example Script:
echo "Deploying Application Chart..."
helm upgrade --install my-app ./charts/my-app --namespace my-namespace -f values.yaml
echo "Deployment Completed!"
14. 🐍 Invoke Shell Scripts Programmatically
Automate deployments to streamline processes and enhance reliability:
- Automate Helm chart installation, upgrades, and rollbacks.
- Manage namespaces, configurations, and persistent storage setups
Example Script:
def deploy_application():
subprocess.run(["bash", "./deploy-app.sh"])
print("Deployment Triggered!")
deploy_application()
15. 🔥 Automate Deployment via Your SaaS Billing Solution
Use your SaaS billing solution to:
- Automatically provision Kubernetes resources for new customers.
- Trigger Helm deployments directly after a successful subscription.
Workflow Example:
- User subscribes → SaaS system provisions Kubernetes namespace → Deploys Helm chart using the automated script.
🚀 Steps to Launch a Scalable SaaS Product on Kubernetes 🚀
Follow these detailed steps to build a robust, scalable SaaS platform powered by Kubernetes (K8s), Docker & Helm.
1. 📐 Design Your Kubernetes (K8s) Architecture
🖥️ On-Prem: Design Your Kubernetes (K8s) Architecture
Deploy Kubernetes clusters on VPS, dedicated servers, or bare-metal infrastructure. This approach offers cost efficiency and complete control over the infrastructure.
Use On-Prem When:
- Regulatory Requirements: Industries like healthcare, finance, or government may require data to stay on-prem due to compliance or data residency laws.
- Customization Needs: If you require granular control over hardware and software configurations.
- Cost Control: For large-scale deployments where the long-term cost of maintaining your own infrastructure is cheaper than cloud services.
- Low-Latency Requirements: When operating in regions with unreliable internet connectivity or for applications requiring extremely low latency.
Benefits of On-Prem:
- Full control over infrastructure and data.
- Potential cost savings for large-scale or consistent workloads.
- Avoid vendor lock-in with cloud providers.
- Customizable to meet specific hardware or network requirements.
☁️ Cloud: Design Your Kubernetes (K8s) Architecture
Use managed Kubernetes services like DOKS (DigitalOcean Kubernetes Service), EKS (Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service), Azure Kubernetes Service, or GKE (Google Kubernetes Engine) for scalability and ease of management.
Use Cloud When:
- Scalability is Key: Cloud excels at handling dynamic workloads, allowing you to scale resources up or down based on demand.
- Fast Deployment: Cloud services let you spin up clusters quickly without worrying about hardware procurement or setup.
- Global Reach: Ideal for SaaS businesses targeting users in multiple geographic locations, leveraging cloud regions for low-latency access.
- Resource Constraints: If your team lacks the expertise or bandwidth to manage physical infrastructure.
- High Availability: Cloud providers offer built-in high availability and disaster recovery features.
Benefits of Cloud:
- Reduced operational overhead with managed Kubernetes services.
- Faster time-to-market for SaaS products.
- Global infrastructure for improved latency and user experience.
- Automatic upgrades and security patches by cloud providers.
- Pay-as-you-go pricing for better cost management during initial stages.
- Scalability, fault tolerance, and multi-tenancy
- Optimized networking, storage, and load balancing for SaaS needs
2. 🐳 Containerize Your SaaS Application
Package your SaaS application in a portable format using Docker. Here’s an example Dockerfile for your reference:
FROM node:18
# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app
# Copy package files and install dependencies
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
# Copy the application source code
COPY . .
# Expose the application port
EXPOSE 3000
# Start the application
CMD ["npm", "start"]
Build the Docker Image:
Run the following command to create a container image:
Test the Image Locally:
Start the container locally to ensure it works as expected:
Push the Image to a Container Registry:
Upload your image to a public or private container registry like Docker Hub, AWS ECR, or Google Container Registry:
docker push your-dockerhub-username/your-app-name:latest
Deploy Globally:
Your Docker image is now ready to be deployed on Kubernetes or any other Docker-compatible platform, making it accessible worldwide.
3. 🏗️ Deploy Kubernetes Clusters
🖥️ On-Prem: Deploy Kubernetes Clusters
On-Prem setups provide full control and customizability, ideal for regulated industries or low-latency requirements. Docker applications are portable, allowing deployment on-prem Kubernetes clusters effortlessly.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Install Kubernetes with kubeadm:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
2. Initialize the Kubernetes Control Plane:
3. Set Up Networking with Cilium
curl -L --remote-name https://github.com/cilium/cilium-cli/releases/latest/download/cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv cilium /usr/local/bin/
# Deploy Cilium
cilium install
ork-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
4. Secure Communication with WireGuard:
sudo apt install -y wireguard
# Configure WireGuard on each node
sudo wg genkey | tee privatekey | wg pubkey > publickey
# Use privatekey and publickey to configure WireGuard peers in /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf
☁️ Cloud: Deploy Kubernetes Clusters
Cloud setups offer scalability, ease of management, and rapid deployment, perfect for businesses looking to focus on applications rather than infrastructure. Docker applications are portable, allowing deployment on cloud-based Kubernetes clusters effortlessly.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Deploy on DigitalOcean Kubernetes (DOKS):
snap install doctl
# Authenticate with DigitalOcean
doctl auth init
# Create a Kubernetes cluster
doctl kubernetes cluster create my-cluster --region nyc1 --node-pool
"name=default;size=s-2vcpu-4gb;count=3"
2. Deploy on Amazon EKS:
curl --silent --location "https://github.com/weaveworks/eksctl/releases/latest/download/eksctl_$(uname -s)_amd64.tar.gz" | tar xz -C /usr/local/bin
# Create an EKS cluster
eksctl create cluster --name my-cluster --region us-west-2 --nodes 3
3. Deploy on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE):
curl https://sdk.cloud.google.com | bash
exec -l $SHELL
gcloud init
# Enable Kubernetes Engine API
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
# Create a GKE cluster
gcloud container clusters create my-cluster --num-nodes 3 --zone us-central1-a
4. Deploy on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS):
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash
# Create an AKS cluster
az group create --name myResourceGroup --location eastus
az aks create --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myAKSCluster --node-count 3 --enable-addons monitoring --generate-ssh-keys
az aks get-credentials --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myAKSCluster
4. 🔗 Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
🖥️ On-Prem: Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
- Set up Kubernetes on VPS, bare-metal servers, or dedicated machines.
- Use Cilium for advanced networking and WireGuard for secure communication between nodes.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Install Kubernetes with kubeadm:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
2. Initialize the Kubernetes Control Plane
After initialization, set up kubeconfig for the current user:
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
3. Install Cilium CLI:
curl -L --remote-name https://github.com/cilium/cilium-cli/releases/latest/download/cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzvf cilium-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv cilium /usr/local/bin/
4. Deploy Cilium with WireGuard Support:
cilium install --encryption wireguard
This will deploy Cilium as the CNI (Container Network Interface) and enable WireGuard for encrypted node-to-node communication. Cilium automatically manages the WireGuard configurations.
5. Verify Cilium and WireGuard Deployment
cilium status
# Confirm that WireGuard is enabled
cilium status | grep Encryption
6. Join Worker Nodes
--token
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:
☁️ Cloud: Setup Container Network Interface (CNI)
- Deploy clusters using DOKS, EKS, Azure, or GKE.
- Leverage cloud-native VPC networking for secure intra-cluster communication
5. 💾 Configure Persistent Storage
🖥️ On-Prem: Use Rook-Ceph for Scalable Storage
Rook-Ceph provides a scalable and highly available storage solution for on-prem Kubernetes clusters.
Steps and Code Example:
1. Install Rook-Ceph Operator:
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rook/rook/release-1.9/cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/operator.yaml
2. Deploy a Ceph Cluster:
3. Create a StorageClass:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: rook-ceph-block
provisioner: rook-ceph.rbd.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
clusterID: rook-ceph
pool: replicapool
imageFeatures: layering
reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true
4. Use the StorageClass in a PVC: Create a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) for your application.
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: ceph-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: rook-ceph-block
☁️ Cloud: Use Provider-Specific Storage Solutions
Cloud providers offer managed storage options for persistent and object storage. Below are examples for AWS EBS, Azure Disk, and GCP Persistent Disks.
1. AWS EBS (Persistent Storage):
1. Create a StorageClass for EBS:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: ebs-sc
provisioner: kubernetes.io/aws-ebs
parameters:
type: gp2
fsType: ext4
reclaimPolicy: Delete
2. Create a PVC Using EBS:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: ebs-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: ebs-sc
2. Azure Disk (Persistent Storage):
1. Create a StorageClass for Azure Disk:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: azure-disk-sc
provisioner: kubernetes.io/azure-disk
parameters:
storageaccounttype: Premium_LRS
reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true
2. Create a PVC Using Azure Disk:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: azure-disk-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: azure-disk-sc
3. GCP Persistent Disk (Persistent Storage):
1.Create a StorageClass for GCP PD:
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: gcp-pd-sc
provisioner: kubernetes.io/gce-pd
parameters:
type: pd-ssd reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true
Apply the StorageClass:
2.Create a PVC Using GCP Persistent Disk:
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: gcp-pd-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
storageClassName: gcp-pd-sc
6. ⚖️ Set Up Load Balancing
Ensure reliable distribution of traffic across your Kubernetes nodes and services with tailored load-balancing solutions.
🖥️ On-Prem Solutions: Set Up Load Balancing
Deploy MetalLB to enable load balancing in bare-metal Kubernetes environments.
On-Premises: Deploy MetalLB
1.Install MetalLB:
2.Configure Layer 2 Mode:
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
namespace: metallb-system
name: config
data:
config: |
address-pools:
- name: default-pool
protocol: layer2
addresses:
- 192.168.1.100-192.168.1.200
Apply the ConfigMap:
3.Create a Service Using MetalLB:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
namespace: default
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
☁️ Cloud Solutions: Set Up Load Balancing
Use cloud-native load balancer solutions provided by DOKS, EKS, Azure, or GKE.
1.Create a LoadBalancer Service:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-eks-service
annotations:
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" # Use NLB
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
Apply the service:
2.Verify the Load Balancer:
Azure AKS Example:
1.Create a LoadBalancer Service:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-aks-service
annotations:
service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true" # Internal load balancer
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
2.Verify the Load Balancer: Check the external IP:
GCP GKE Example:
1.Create a LoadBalancer Service:
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-gke-service
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: my-app
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
2.Verify the Load Balancer: Retrieve the external IP:
7. 🌐 Manage Traffic Routing
Effectively route external traffic to your Kubernetes services using robust ingress solutions.
🖥️ On-Prem Solutions: Manage Traffic Routing
Configure Nginx Ingress Controller for secure, scalable routing to Kubernetes services.
☁️ Cloud Solutions: Manage Traffic Routing
Use cloud-specific ingress solutions like AWS ALB Ingress Controller (EKS) or GKE Ingress for seamless integration.
8. 🔒 Automate Certificates and Secrets
✔️ Use Cert Manager:
- Automate lets encrypt TLS/SSL certificate issuance and renewal.
🔑 Store Secrets Securely:
- Use Kubernetes secrets to encrypt sensitive data such as API keys and database credentials.
9. ⛵ Simplify Deployment with Helm
Helm is a powerful Kubernetes package manager that allows you to package and distribute your application as a Helm Chart, making deployment globally consistent and automated
Steps to Package with Helm:
1. Create a Helm Chart:
Scaffold a new Helm chart by running:
The directory includes:
- Chart.yaml: Metadata about your chart.
- values.yaml: Default application configurations.
- templates/: Kubernetes manifests rendered using
values.yaml
.
2. Customize Templates:
Modify templates/deployment.yaml
to use your Docker image:
containers:
- name: your-app-container
image: your-dockerhub-username/your-app-name:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
3. Package the Helm Chart:
Create a .tgz
package for sharing or deployment:
4. Host the Chart for Global Use:
Publish the Helm chart to a Helm repository (e.g., GitHub Pages or Artifact Hub).
5. Deploy the Application Globally:
Install the chart on Kubernetes:
10. 📊 Monitoring, Maintenance and Management
Set up monitoring for your Kubernetes cluster to ensure performance and reliability using the following tools
🖥️ On-Prem: Monitoring, Maintenance and Management
Kubernetes Dashboard: Real-time cluster monitoring via a graphical interface.
☁️ Cloud: Monitoring, Maintenance and Management
Deploy the Kubernetes Dashboard for real-time cluster monitoring and efficient resource management.
Use cloud-native monitoring tools such as:
- AWS CloudWatch
- Azure Monitor
- GCP Operations Suite
Universal Monitoring Tools:
- Prometheus: Metrics collection and alerting.
- Grafana: Visualization and dashboards.
- Kube-state-metrics: Kubernetes-specific metrics.
- ELK Stack: Log monitoring (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana).
- Loki: Lightweight log aggregation.
- Jaeger: Distributed tracing for microservices.
These tools provide robust monitoring and insights into your Kubernetes cluster.
11. 📈 Test Scalability and Reliability
- Perform load tests to ensure your SaaS application:
- Scales efficiently under increased demand.
- Meets redundancy and failover requirements for high availability.
12. 🔄 Plan for Continuous Deployment
Streamline your deployment process and improve reliability with these practices:
- Use CI/CD Pipelines:
Automate application deployments to minimize manual errors. - Adopt GitOps Tools:
Tools like Argo CD or Flux can manage Kubernetes configurations directly from your repository
13. 🖥️ Automate Helm Chart Deployments with Shell Scripts
Automate deployments to streamline processes and enhance reliability:
- Automate Helm chart installation, upgrades, and rollbacks.
- Manage namespaces, configurations, and persistent storage setups
Example Script:
echo "Deploying Application Chart..."
helm upgrade --install my-app ./charts/my-app --namespace my-namespace -f values.yaml
echo "Deployment Completed!"
14. 🐍 Invoke Shell Scripts Programmatically
Automate deployments to streamline processes and enhance reliability:
- Automate Helm chart installation, upgrades, and rollbacks.
- Manage namespaces, configurations, and persistent storage setups
Example Script:
def deploy_application():
subprocess.run(["bash", "./deploy-app.sh"])
print("Deployment Triggered!")
deploy_application()
15. 🔥 Automate Deployment via Your SaaS Billing Solution
Use your SaaS billing solution to:
- Automatically provision Kubernetes resources for new customers.
- Trigger Helm deployments directly after a successful subscription.
Workflow Example:
- User subscribes → SaaS system provisions Kubernetes namespace → Deploys Helm chart using the automated script.